Definition of Flow Meter
Flow meter is a device used to measure the volume or mass of a fluid in the form of liquid, gas or solid in a dynamic flow path. The flow of this fluid can be darkly a closed flow as in a pipe or open such as a trench, river or channel.
The most widely known flow meter function around us is for water discharge gauges, calculating pump flow rates, water volume gauges. For PDAM the flowmeter function is as a reference to the amount of water volume that has been used to calculate billing to customers.
Flow meters are called by many terms, namely flowmeter, flow gauge, flow sensor, flow computer, flow transmitter, flow control, flow indicator, flow rate, flow liquid, flow gas, water meter, current meter and others. Tregantung on the type of industry that uses it.
Flowmeter function In addition to measuring with the aim of getting accuracy on the calculation of a volume or masaa, flow meters can also be used for control or others. By utilizing the output produced by the flow transmitter that can be in the form of current, contact or data.
Principles and How Flow Meters Work
Velocity Flow Meter
Velocity flow meters use a technique that measures the speed (v) of the calculated flow with the area of the flow path support to get the flow rate. This principle requires a flow that has a laminer character. With characteristics like this required the density of liquid in the sense that in the pipe is required to be fully filled by liquid.
Velocity flow meter readings usually use sensors that produce signals in accordance with the technology used and passed to the transmitter or converte. From this converter or transmitter can be generated flow rate calculations and other outputs such as current and data.
Positive Displacement Flow Meter
Positive displacement flow meters are the only type of flow meters that measure flow volume directly. Fluid will flow in the room with the volume according to the design and moved to another room because of the rotation of the room due to fluid pressure. pressure. The function of the flowmeter room in this type is used to calculate the volume of fluid flowing in the flow meter.
Examples of this type of positive displacement flow meter are Oval gear, nutating disc, diaphragm, helical gear, oscillating piston. The existence of rotation in the flow meter component positive displacement to maintain the stability of the room that is measured sabaiknya used in liquids that have lubricating properties for fluid applications.
The lubricating properties of this liquid are needed to maintain the wear and tear of flow meter components due to friction so that accuracy can be consistent. This type of positive displacement flow meter can only be used in clean and homogeneous fluids to prevent the rotational congestion of the flow meter component.
But for models that use diaphragm valves are usually used in gas fluids such as use in gas meters used at home. But it can be operated at small volumes and small pressures due to the nature of the diaphragm valve itself. readmore…
Mass Flow Meter
Long before mass flow meters were applied, mass calculations on mass flow were often calculated from volumetric flow meter output and densitimeter. Density is measured directly, or calculated using the output of the temperature and pressure flow. Measurement of flow mass based on volumetrics is not very accurate.
This is because the changing relationship between pressure and unstable temperature makes density uncertain so that its accuracy is doubtful. The function of a mass flowmeter type is to calculate the mass of a fluid that moves dynamically to be more accurate and efficient.
For cases where accuracy is the most important requirement, you should use a mass flow meter. In accordance with the law of eternal time, that the mass entering the system is equal to the mass that leaves the system when both are measured at the same interval. Pressure and temperature changes can only change the shape or volume but will not change the mass of a stream.
The most famous types of mass flow meters are the coriolis mass flow meter and the thermal mass flow meter. For coriolis mass flow meter can be used to measure liquid and gas flow and has a very good accuracy of up to 0.1%. As for thermall mass flow meters are usually used for clean gas fluids.
Inferential Flowmeter
This flow meter does not measure volume, speed or mass, but measures flow by inferring its value from other parameters measured such as pressure differences or the position of the area of the sensor.
Differential Pressure Flow Meter
The principle of operation of Differential Pressure Flowmeters (DP Flowmeters) is based on bernoulli’s equation which describes the relationship between pressure and velocity in a fluid flow. This device guides the flow into a flow barrier (which has a hole with a diameter different from the diameter of the pipe), causing a change in flow velocity and pressure between the upstream and downstream sides of the barrier. By measuring the change in pressure, the flow speed can be calculated. Read more…
Flowmeter function and flow meter application in the industrial world
In the industrial world such as the automotive industry, the food and beverage industry, the chemical industry, the limbaa refining industry, the flowmeter function can be used to:
- To assign the flow speed of a fluid in a closed system or pipeline
- Calculate the flow rate or discharge of water in pipes or open streams such as ditches or rivers
- Can check the performance of an engine or pump such as on cooling system, cooling tower or others
- Can to measure and know the volume or mass of a fluid passing through the flow meter
- Flow meters also serve as controls on a process when the output is connected to a plc.
Flow Meter Install Type
Inline Flow Meter
Inline flow meter is a type of installation by spying on pipes. This type of installation is owned by almost all types and technologists flow meters and various types of fluids. Inline flowmeter is owned by all types and models of flow meters.
At the beginning of the flow meter created, this type of installation is most widely used where the flow meter function is used to measure water discharge and the volume of water flowing in the flow meter.
Insertion Flow Meter
Insertion flow meter is a type of installation by perforating the pipe. The main pipe installed flow sensor in the hole is then in pasafang fitting both with welding and cenis clamp on. Then the sensor is inserted and locked on the fitting.
In Perakteknya flowmeter Insertion is owned by the type of magnetic flow meter, turbine, ultrasonic, paddle wheel, vortex and thermal mass.
Clamp-On Flow Meter
Clamp on flow meter is a type of installation by not cutting or perforating the pipe, where the sensor is simply patched outside the surface of the pipe and in the clamp. So that at the time of installation the flow in the pipe does not have to stop or the pump does not need to die or the valve does not need to be closed.
This type of installation is only owned by the type of ultrasonic flow meter and is widely applied to portable flow meters. Because it is simple and easy to use. For the price is usually quite expensive, but if applied to large pipes economically will be considered cheap. For applications on large pipes baiay installation is more mrah compared to the type of inline or insertion. … Read more…
Open Channel Flow Meter
Open channel flow meter is a type of installation used on open lines such as in trenches, culverts, channels or large pipes whose flow cannot be full. This type usually uses two types of altitude sensors and velovity or height differences.
Basically this open chanel flow meter calculates the flow speed by considering the height of the surface. For the measurement of flow speed can use transit time flow meter or magnetic flow meter. As for the surface height of the flow using ultrasonic level sensors. The merging of velocity with cross-sectional area can produce flow capacity or flow rate flow in the channel.
Flow Meter Accuracy
The accuracy of the flow meter can be used as an important benchmark to assess the performance of the flow meter, because the accuracy of the flow measurement results will determine the control and quality of the process results. Accuracy of the flow meter to maintain the necessary process conditions to maximize factory production, efficiency and product quality. Often, the accuracy of flow measurements is used as an indicator of engine performance as well as overall processes.
This accuracy is important to get maximum engine preformation and maintain stability from the quality of production required. read more.
Cara Menentukan Type Flow Meter
Each type of flowmeter has specifications and how it works in accordance with the methods it has. Therefore, in choosing a flow meter must be in accordance with the purpose and purpose and benefits of installing a flow meter. Because there is no single type and flow meter model can be used for all characteristics of fluid.
The correct way to choose a flowmeter is to know in advance the allocation of the flowmeter to be purchased. By knowing the purpose and benefits obtained, then we will easily determine which type and flowmeter technology will be used. This is certainly more efficient, effective and efficient than by adjusting the allocation of flow meters to fit the technology we have chosen first.
Parameters to note in choosing a Flow Meter Model
In order for the installation of flow meters to get maximum benefits, optimal operational costs and maximum life time, there are several parameters that must be considered before buying a flow meter. In general, the biggest mistake of the installation of flow meters is the wrong type and model to use.
The following parameters can be used as guidelines for buyers or engineers in determining flow meter specifications:
- Types of Fluids: liquid, gas, steam and others
- Maximum and minimum flow rate
- Targeted accuracy (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% or more)
- Maximum and minimal temperature and pressure
- Pipe Size and type of pipe material
- Type of power: Ac, DC or battery
- Out put current and data needed
- Jenis Instalasi : in line, insertion, clamp on or open channel
- Location of installation: in door, out door or in the control tub or high on the floor
- Flow meter function: for checking flow rate and velocity, flow, total volume, total mass,
- Purpose of installation of flow meter: Incidental or permanent
- And Lainya adapted to the field and desai engineering read more.
Types and Models of Flow Meters
Magnetic Flow Meter
Electomagnetic flow meter or often called magmeter is a type of flow meter that does not have moving parts . Magnetic flow meter is ideal if used for measurement of fluid flow that is not homogeneous, dirty liquids, liquids containing sludge or for waste fluids or intake water, raw material water, water from reservoirs or rivers that contain a lot of dirt or garbage (plastic, grass or others), so it is quite suitable for use for waste flow meters.
Magnetic flowmeters in principle use Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction. According to this principle, when a conductive medium passes through a magnetic field, a voltage is generated. This voltage is directly proportional to the density of the conductive medium, the density of the magnetic field, and the length of the conductor.
In Faraday’s Law, the three values are multiplied together, together with constants, to produce the magnitude of the voltage. Therefore the liquid measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter must be conductor electric.
Magnetic flow meters can only be used in water applications that have certain conductivity, in accordance with the rules required by each electromagnetic flowmeter. In general, magnetic flowmeters do not work in hydrocarbon fluids and distilled water (demin water), but are ideal for measuring the flow of liquids such as slurry and corrosive materials. such as chemical processes or drinks and viscous water liquids such as soy sauce, sauce, syrup and others.
There are two parts of the main magetic flow meter, namely magnetic flow sensor and magnetic flow transmitter or converter. For Magnetic flow sensor there is a compound in the form of flow tube, electrode, coil cover and connection both…. read more
Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Ultrasonic flowmeter is a type of flow meter whose way of working to measure the speed of fluid flow using ultrasound, so that with the calculation of the volume flowing can be read in ultrasonic transmitters. Using ultrasonic sensors or often called transducer ultrasonic flowmeters can measure the average speed of fluid flow in a pipe by measuring the average time difference between signal delivery time and signal reception with flow direction.
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